Define typography? using type you select as a designer and making them into a design. Its an art.

Where did the word "typography" originate from? Greek

What does typography involve?  line spacing, font, letter spacing

What is a typeface? distinct designs and fonts of the letters

What is another term for typeface? font

What is a character? each letter within the font

What is type style? bold, italic, regular, underline

What does type style "create" within a design? variety and visual interest. it separates things

What is the waist line and what does it indicate? the top of the lower case letters

What is a base line and what does it indicate? the bottom of the letters, where they all sit

What is an ascender? parts at the top

What is a descender? parts at the bottom

Describe a serif? curves that sort of come off of the font

How can the size of the typeface be identified? the point size that the font is. a way to measure type from the tops of the ascender to the bottom of the descender.

What is a point? smallest unit of measure. subdivision of a larger pica

How many points are in an inch? 72

What is a pica and how many are in an inch? 6 picas in an inch. it is the bigger.. points are parts of the pica.

How many points are in a pica? 12

What is body type and where can it be found? type sizes that range from 14 point type and smaller. magazines, papers, newspapers. a lot of text in one spot

What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type? readability

What is display type and how is it used? larger things. headlines, sub headlines, anything that is one display. anything above 14 point type

What is reverse type and when would it be used? call attention to a message. consistent white type on a solid darker background. it calls your attention to it

What is a typeface classification? a way of categorizing different types into specific categories.

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used? earliest, came along with the invention of printing press. calligraphy fashion

Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface? oriental elaborate thick and thin strokes. just like a calligraphy pen.

When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on? renaissance typographers, early 15's 16's

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface? thick and thin elements

When were formal scripts developed? earlier, from actual handwriting

When were casual scripts developed? couple centuries later

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface? very pretty and real handwriting

When was Modern typefaces developed and why? like old style but sharp thick and thin elements

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface? thick and thin elements

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened? we had it and then it went away when renessance had its return to old style. the 1920's it came back.


When did they become popular? 1920s


Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface? very unform

When was Slab Serif developed and why? 1920 for advertisting

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface? very square uniform strokes, blocky, big chunky sarifs

Describe Decorative typefaces? anything you can't fit into another classification

Why were they developed? for specific things or purposes

What are they best used for? for specific things

Review Week 14

1. Academy of Art University
- San Francisco, CA
- advertising, animation and visual effects, game design, graphic design, web design

2. Brooks Institue
- Santa Barbara, CA
- graphic design
- broad-based skills and adaptability to achieve success in a rapidly changing field where art and technology have merged together


3. Full Sail University
- Florida
- animation, entertainment
- Creativity. Imagination. Original ideas.


4. SCAD
- Georgia
- typography, web-design, art of poster design, typeface design, portfolio, many more
- enthusiastic about the programs of study and capable of advancing rapidly. 


5. The Art Institute of New York City
- N.Y.C.
- graphic design, colors, digital illustration, designing with type, etc


What is a portfolio? A portfolio is an example of all your works. You put everything you have made (or the best things) together in it.
What is the importance of a portfolio? A portfolio shows all that you can do. It shows whoever you are trying to get employed or accepted by the type of designer you are and how you work. 

Review Week 13

Contrast: the black dot is easily contrasted against the white background.

Balance: There isn't a balance on this cat because there is more black fur on one side then the other side.

The side of the carrots are out of porportion. You can clearly see the proportions between the larger dot and the smaller dot.

There is a repetition of apples lined up in a pattern.

This is an example of rhythm. There is a very "flowy" feel to it.

This shows unity because they are similar objects, being leaves, and they are placed closely together.

 This photo uses variety. It has many different colors, styles, shapes, words, etc.

This photo uses emphasis. Emphasis is where the eye looks to first, or where you want the audience to mostly focus on. Obviously the red catches the eye quick.










How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer? On the layer pallet, you click the add layer mask button which is 3rd from the left with a circle in the square.

What two colors are used to create the mask? black and white

Describe the process of using a layer mask? you make the mask, then you "hide" (not delete) parts you do not want to see so that you can use only part of the image. You can always bring the full image back!

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
collages, editoral illustrations

In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
Time Magazine, museums, childrens books, The New Yorker, The New York Times, short films, 

This piece was published in April 2000. The principles of unity and variety were used. The different principles were all used to form a picture and made a bigger picture. The element of emphasis was used by colors. 

This was published on Nickelodeon as a short animation clip. The design of repetition was used and again there is a feeling of united. Proportion was used between the two objects. The variety of the different principles use help to make the picture feel whole by using a lot of different objects to make it that way. There is ground and figures. 

Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
You can use principles of design to use them to express the message of the work. All the different principles of design are used to make different things. You can use certain principles of design to make emphasis and have certain things want more of the attention.


What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
repetition - the repeating of certain aspects or principles throughout the whole artwork.
proportion - the relative size or scale of each element in the design, and the proportion of the parts of the design to the whole design.
balance - the distribution of heavy and light elements on the page.
emphasis - where your eye tends to go first, where the designer wants most of the viewers attention to be.
unity - the wholeness of a composition. the way that all of the elements work together. 
variety - the usage of many different principles and elements in a design.
figure - forms, silhouettes, or basic objects
ground - the space around the figures, or the space that makes up the figures.
rhythm - the continuity, reoccurrence, or organized movement in space and time.
contrast - when two related elements are different. the greater the difference the greater the contrast.

Podcast #3 Principles of Design

Define principles of design? concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition.
What do the principles of design affect? the expressive content, or the message of the work.

What is the principle of repetition? repeating some aspect or element throughout the design.

Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience? a visual key that ties your piece together. it controls the readers eye and helps keep their attention on the piece. it helps the viewer navigate through the piece, and helps unify and strengthen tying together different parts.

What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs? bold font, thick line, certain bullet, color design element, spatial relationship, particular format.

What should you avoid when working with repetition? not to repeat too much that it becomes annoying or overwhelming.

What is the principle of proportion/scale? the relative size or scale of the various element in the design. the relationship between the parts of the whole.

What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size? the human body

How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter? unusual or unexpected scale.

What is the principle of balance? the distribution of heavy or light elements on a page.

Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater? large elements look heavier then smaller elements. irregular bare greater weight then regular.

What is another name for symmetrical balance? formal balance

Define symmetrical balance? the weight of the composition is evenly distributed on a central vertical or horizontal axis. identical elements on both size of the axis. solidity

What is another name for asymmetrical balance? informal balance

Define asymmetrical balance?  when the weight of a composition is not evenly distributed around a central axis. one dominant form is offset by other forms.

What is the principle of emphasis? the stressing of a particular area of focus.

What happens to a design that has no focus? nothing stands out

What is a focal point and how is it created? a center of interest. the area where the eye goes first. makes one element dominant, or most important either. all other areas are contributing. complex, darkest, lightest, etc.

How many components of a composition can be a focal point? no more than one

What ways can emphasis be created in a design? contrasting the primary element with its subordinates. sudden change in direction, size, shape, color, tone, line.

What is the principle of unity? the wholeness of a composition. the feeling that all elements belong together. does not have a beginning or an end. all parts work together.

What three ways can unity be obtained?
1. put objects close to one another in the composition.

2. make things similar. similar textures, colors, or shapes

3. direct vision by a line, actual or implied, that travels around the composition.

What is the principle of variety? pertains to the differences and diversity.

What ways can a designer add variety to a design? textures, color, shapes, and alter the contrast, tone, intensity.

Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety? too much unity can be boring too much variety can be chaotic.

What is figure? a form, silhouette, or shape. the part of the composition we pay attention to.

What is another name for figure? a positive shape

What is ground? the surrounding area around the figure. the negative space of a composition.

What is another name for ground? negative space/shape

When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean? it will depend on the abstract relationship  between visual elements. the surrounding area around the figure is the ground.

Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole? because the viewer can view the art differently depending on the figure and ground relationship. it is a mistake to only plan the figure, the entire format must be in thought.

What is the principle of rhythm? the continuity, reoccurrence, or organized movement in space and time.

How is rhythm achieved? through the orderly repetition of any element.

What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1. the intervals between the elements, and often the elements themselves, are similar in size and length.

2. rhythm more organic or flowing sense of movement.

3. the sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.

How does rhythm help a composition/design? controlling the viewers eye movement. interaction

What is the principle of contrast? when two related elements are different. the greater the difference the greater the contrast

How can contrast help a design? call the viewers eye into the piece. adds a visual interest.

What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design? too much similarity becomes boring, too much contrast becomes confusing.

What is the key to working with contrast? make sure the differences are obvious

What are some common ways of creating contrast?. created differences in size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, or movement.